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3g: sophist ication guaranteed

telecom munications evolution is undergoing a rapid vamp to The evolution is almost exponential, From the analog types to 2gs and then finally the latest mobile innovation the 3g technology.the 3g techie is the latest on-stream line of comcomy Ions which offers advanced voice communications and high-speed data connectivity, with wireless Internet access, Mobile data applications and high multimedia content.the 3g model embodies true sophist ication in terms of mobile technology but why was this PS To answer this an investigation of the roots and processes of 3g would be required.

mobile technology's conception started from the analogs.analog networks ， Or first generation wireless technology has been introduced in the mid 1980s in America, A technology that was incredibly region-specific in character.as the demand for mobile communications grew, The digital 2g emerged in the 1990s flanking the under capacity of the 1g systems.

second generation mobile systems operate on the following fundamentals: tdma, (IS-54 and IS-136), GSM Used worldwide, is a packet-switched technology that transports speed theoretically of up to 115 kbit/S. unfortunately, the

Le techies were incredibly delimited to a specific region or country.they are also fabricated mainly for voice data and slow transmission; Es in user expectation and communication needs, Sought the need for improvement.the resolution: a unifying digital wireless communications that would make global roaming with a single hot Ble ..

3g refers to the third generation wireless technology and networks and was invented in 1999 (Xavier,? ). it is actually a modified concept of 2g mobile phone systems.it is based on an international tele communication union (ITU) Scheme establishing for single global wireless standard called international mobile telecom munications-2000 (IMT-2000) ， A resolution to the defects of 2g system.system capacity and spectrum efficiency over 2g systems was the underlying theme of the ITU standard izard Systems.minimum transmission rates was set at 144 kbps in mobile (outdoor) 및 2 Mbps in fixed (indoor) environments. < 2001). Simply put, It is an improved wireless technological device for a collection of international standards and technologies intended to increased efficiency outs Nd improved mobile wireless network performance.

since 3gis actually a convergence, the different networks works May be classified as follows： WCDMA, CDMA2000, UMTS and edge.the variation as opposed to the

Standard ization cannot really be resolved since there are economic forces or stakeholders who have vested interest in favor of that particular stant . WCDMA (wideband code division multiple access) refers to broadband digital radio communications of internet, multimedia messaging Video streaming and other capacity-demanding applications and is the preferred 3g network in Europe, Asia, Japan, United States and africa.conversion of input data (e. g. image, video, Voice) to a narrow band digital radio signal tagged with a specific marker is the method for multi-rate transmission of the network. < P >

CDMA (code division multiple access) Is the leading 3g network as of current providing over a hundred million consumers worldwide.it was selected as the industry standard by the ITU Er national telecom munications union) .. CDMA technology is a combination of two networking assets: CDMA 2000 1x and CDMA 2000 1xev-do.the capacity and performance of voice Of CDMA 2000 1x is twice that of the former CDMA systems and surpasses that of tdma and GSM.

peak data rates are reached to about 153kbps without intervening voice capacity.it also offers longer standby times.its H the former CDMA facilitate upgrade of mobile technology to current.cdma 2000 1 xev-do with a data-optimized version of CDMA 2000 provide

N average output of over 700 kbps.this fast technology is parallel to DSL service and can support video streaming data and large byte file downloaad The stipulation for CDMA 2000 1xev-do is to delivers maximum number of data (megabyte) at the lowest cost possible.

being the selected technology, Cdma offers the best packages in mobile technology.cdma builds on the former CDMA systems and improvised on it like the orthogonal frequency division Multiplexing (OFDM and OFDMA), advanced control and signal procedure, improved interference signal management techniques, End-to-end Quality of Service (QoS), And new antenna techniques such as MIMO (multiple inputs multiple outputs) 및 sdma (space division multiple access).

the advantage of this improved packages include the following: (1) lead performance (e.g. data speed,) (2) spectrum efficiency, (3) 고급 모바일 서비스 지원 (4) IP 호환 (5) 장치 선택 (6) (7) global/network coverage flexibility.best of all it leads lower cost of total ownership (CDMA development group, 2007) ..

UMTS (universal mobile telecom munications system) is the mobile telephone standard in Europe The UMTS follows layering protocol for data networking.the topmost, being the services layer, is for allocation and data speed.to.

Central, Assists in upgrading actions and allows dynamic allocation and tagging of data to a specific bandwidth.bottom most is the connectivity layer wher Transmission technology can be seconded and the voice traffic will transport over ATM/aa L2 or IP/ Rtp hence trafficking by signal bandwidth is prevented (GSM server, 2007) ..

edge (enhanced data for global evolution) Allows GSM the aptitude to handle services for the 3g telephony.it facilitates data transmission at a high speed of 384kb/ Sec.edge employs tdma (timedivision multiple access) framestructure, Logic channel and 200 kilohertz carrier bandwidth.the same bandwidth with that of GSM sytems enables system compatibility (3g, 2006). system compatibility assures upgrade efficiency and low cost which had been the problem of most G3 networking systems (lapping) 2006) ..

the constituents of 3g is vast and caters to the technological whims of the techie addicts and the businessmen and South America and Africa, however, like all new technologies, There has been a bone of contention among manufacturers.from the time that the idea of 3g arises and the time when it was marketed, Obstacles seem to be always around the corner.as mentioned earlier, There are various networks of 3g which had actually lead to licensing disagreements arising from different terms of conditions from different partitions

Nvolved ..

high debts incremented by the tele communication parties during the past years ， Which may actually pose as a threat to the development of 3g.also, Operator troubles are unsupported by state finance.the expenses associated with license are ghastly.the main problem of 3g all boils down 3g service is new hence network coverage is limited.also, The cost of technology is cumbersome for the commoners and the internet flat rate is high at some countries.the main problem with the upgrade of tees Nology to 3g is that there are some price qualms associated with the introduced and advanced technology.fortunately, Most of the leading handset manufacturers like Broadcom puts an end to this entire anxious price tirade, And eventually managed to produce more 3g technologies aiming to facilitate its spread globally and probably to stimulate its economic demand; M generated the cellairity chipset with astounding cost of $100 (hyatt, 2007). This price resolution may, in the long run Predict to be a good start of consumer availability for 3g.

Broadcom may have initiated reduction in production cost but 3g is a huge risk of investment in consumer market.3g's sophist ication actually caters to that businessman who conducts their businesses as He wireless networks.unfortunately, the turn of events is that businessmen

Constitute only a small population in the global networking arena. for the sophisticated technology to be truly cosmopolitan in character it hat Used by most of the networkers and mobile-users all over the world.for now, It is strangely delimited to those who can really afford it.

looking at the positive side of things, The situation of 3g consumer ratio would not always be the same.like all things, needs change, And observing the evolution of mobile technology from the rustic analog model to the latest 3g types, One can only predict that consumer needs would be inclined towards technological enhancement and that technological enhancement would be better suster To the needs of the consumer.

what is more is that needs change, Mobile techie trends may also change.the 3g model is now currently being improvised from more than 3g to 4g.

4g technne

only time will tell.

references

3g. (2006) .3g store 2007 from/wps/portal/subscribers.

CDMA development group. (2007) .3g-CDMA 2000 2007 from/articles/evolution _ to _ 3g.php.

hyatt, J. (2007). Broadcom enent Id = 815794 ..

lapping, K. (2006). Cost and Software Incomp

At ibility stymie 3g growth.ernst and young ltd. retrieved nov 22,2007 from/global/content.nsf/south _ afrom ). licensing of 3g mobile.swinburne university of technology.retrieved nov 22, 2007 from munications

titel/title: design and implementation of the MMS portal versatt titel/ Translated title: design och implementation av MMS-portalen

abstrakt/sammanfattning/abstract P >

mms-enabled terminals on the market today are very complicated to use.it takes several steps to create a multi-slide Text.this discourages users from using it.to increase usage of MMS, Several companies provide we b-based or stand-alone programs that allow users to create and send mms-messages from a regular computer- Itors have many limitations and are not user-friendly.

this thesis describes the design and implementation of a user-friendly we b-based mms-portal where users can create Edit and send MMS-messages.the portal is integrated into densitet's system for development of mobile services.

conclusions that can be draw from this work are that problems with MMS interoperability have mostly the poor standard ization to blab Ermin als support different types of images and sound formats, and to make the mms-portal user-F.

리안 딜리, Format conversions of uploaded content had to be implemented.also the MMS-portal only supports basic MMS-functionality.

if the mms-specification includes more audio and image formats and if the mms-terminals are upgraded to handle these format Sending MMS-messages will be easier and mobile messaging will continue to grow.

f? Rfa ttare/author: Henrik adolf sson, Peter svensson

adolf sson.henrik @ gmail.com, Peter @ densitet.com

handled are/tutor: Eduardo IBA cache, Oskar Bengtsson, dragos ilie <